GlobalDairyVC_Kenya14_Notes

=** African Dairy Value Chain Seminar **= 21-24 September 2014 toc Intercontinental Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya
 * Event co-organized by the ** International Livestock Research Institute ** (ILRI) and the ** Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU ** (CTA), with funding support from the CGIAR Research Programs on ** Policies, Institutions, and Markets **and on ** Livestock and Fish **. **

** Notes of the learning seminar ** **__Day 1__**

Words of welcome

 * Vincent Fautrel, Senior Programme Coordinator, Agri Trade and Value Chain Development, CTA Brussels, featuring the CTA's anniversary video:
 * In English: @http://vimeo.com/105665449
 * En français : @http://vimeo.com/105666372
 * Dr Kipkirui Arap Lang'at, OGW, MBS, Chairman, ESADA
 * Isabelle Baltenweck, Livelihoods, Gender and Impact Program Interim Leader, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Nairobi

The state of the field - plenary introductions
//These plenary speeches were delivered as one integrated Prezi, chaired by Jo Cadilhon. Each of the plenary speakers spoke one by one going through their part of the Prezi.// //See the overall Prezi for (each of) these plenary presentations - as well as the summary prezi that Jo Cadilhon presented at the ESADA conference on 24 September 2014.//

media type="custom" key="26619508" align="right"Isabelle Baltenweck (ILRI)
Current situation and future trends for the dairy sector in Africa Different factors drive dairy development in Africa: Demand for milk products influenced by demand related factors such as income and preferences for milk and milk products, type and quality of milk demanded by consumers the demand is also influenced by the market, both formal and informal markets Role of smallholders in the dairy value chain There is a large proportion of smallholders in Africa, it is important to come up with technologies that address their circumstances Milk yield remains low, hence a big milk gap which needs to met by increasing access to technologies as well as markets In addition, there is need for appropriate policies needed to support private sector engagement Understand the heterogeneity of the various actors along the value chain and the incentives for them to engage

Paul Goodison (consultant related to CTA)
Looking at mega markets of Africa Africa's role in the safety net policy: in the short term, the most important aspect? At corporate level this is leading to interesting patterns of investment. Since 2012, lots of European companies have been making investments, highly concentrated in joint ventures involving (reconstitution of) milk powder and developing new technologies (e.g. mobile packaging). media type="custom" key="26619516" align="left"

Africa has good long term prospects but in the short term the safety net function threatens the Dairy industry, with exception from West Africa where dairy imports amount to 80-90%... What kinds of policies, trade policy tools etc. can be used? Multi-stakeholder dialogues to foster supply chains? It can't just be left to the government, you need to understand the broader picture taking you from where you are now to where you could be. Rising demand for dairy products... No outcome is inevitable - it's all a question of choices... Corporate managers, governments etc. can make choices as to how they want to see the dairy sector develop: develop a nationally-focused and locally-produced sector? Do they want to focus on promoting appropriate policies for the long term development? There is a regional dimension to this. Standards are not neutral, they favour some groups against others (using cost of entry to the market)... Which types of producers benefit from which type of standards? You can have local rules of origin etc. You need to carefully use trade arrangements. There are very foot lose systems...

Manu Scharer (Nestle)
What is the place of smallholders in the dairy value chain? Paul mentioned it's all about choices. We need to start with this in Kenya... How is Nestle collecting milk (in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Morocco), 59 operation districts around the world. What can Nestle do on this continent? media type="custom" key="26619576" align="right"Nestle is working for 'creating shared value'... We have to deliver what the consumers are able to buy, and good quality products... We need to ensure we comply with food safety for fresh milk. Once you manage these quality issues, sustainability is an important aspect. Security in the future should be there: what you can buy today you should be able to buy tomorrow. We need to develop suppliers and the ability to grow. We are not procuring milk in Kenya. In Eldoret, we are supporting technically. Nestle's interested in procurement. We have decided to provide technical support. Nestle is creating a structure ('how you buy the milk') that sustains a market around three pillars: In Kenya, the focus is on milk quality. We need to get farmers close to the collection point. Once you have managed procurement aspects etc., We are talking about farmer viability etc. The dairy industry has a negative footprint, we are trying to limit this. The second important responsibility: dairy development, with a focus on making the dairy farming sector sustainable. The dairy industry is a drive of the process and the public sector has an important seat to take... It's all about commitments: from both sides, buying and selling. If the farmers move at the end.
 * 1) Milk procurement
 * 2) Dairy development
 * 3) Environment

Arona Diaw (Laiterie du berger)media type="custom" key="26619524" align="left"
This dairy farm was set up in a peculiar context. In Senegal, the dariy sector is 350mio litres, 60% of imports, 5 mio USD. Livestock is dynamic with 3 mio cattle, providing 40% of local consumption. The objective of Laiterie du Berger is to bring small producers to urban markets. Laiterie du Berger is based on local shareholders. 800 providers within 60-70 km and two daily collections, morning and evening to bring the milk to the chilling plant. We work with producers and livestock herders who work in surrounding pastures. Our challenge is to collect twice daily the milk, process it at the plant and bring it to urban centres - it's a very logistical business but it grows every year. This year we hope to achieve 2 mio litres, but the market is huge and the level of provision doesn't allow us to grow as much as we would like to. Only 20% of the demand is satisfied by the formal market. How to ensure competitive provision? We work with extensive producers, (not intensive/productive). The state is not supporting us. In 2015 milk in Europe will be so much cheaper that there will be fierce competition. How to sustain the milk collection in this competitive context. There is some responsibility from private operators... What are opportunities for our industry to develop? The laiterie du berger is related to 1000 farmers located around 10000 selling points. We are diversifying towards more nutritive products oriented towards children (e.g. a product to mix with cereals), which allows us to enlarge our approach.

Kelly Boucher-Aburi (TetraPak)
Massive losses (2.6 bn USD in 2012) in wastage of quality milk. How can we prevent this? When I see East Africa, I cry - I see the potential and I cry. On the dairy sector, the greatest capacities are the weakest links: water and feed. Milk chilling, packaging, formatting, the routes to the market are not working well enough. We need to discuss because investors want to come in, but we are not working correctly on this. We've had 40-50 years of development here and we're trading water still.

Storytelling circles
(//Nine stories were presented to participants - one around each table - only to illustrate some challenges and opportunities in the dairy sector. Three of these stories are presented below or linked from the whole list of nine stories hereby//: media type="custom" key="26602208" align="right"
 * Agriculture officer || Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) Kenya || **David Nyaga Ndwiga ** || Kenya || **Enhancing pastoral livestock production through value chain development in Northeastern Kenya ** ||
 * Coordinator || Alliance for Dryland Development || **Rashid Mohammed Diis ** || Kenya || **[[file:Alliance for dryland story women northern Kenya.pptx|Women: a key to small-scale and sustainable dairy development in Northern Kenya pastoralist communities]]** ||
 * ||  || **Ntahomvukiye Jean Marie Vianney ** || Rwanda || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">La création des associations ou coopératives d'éleveurs a permis de doubler le prix de vente du lait au Rwanda ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Director, Capacity Building Directorate || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ethiopian Meat and Dairy Industry Development Institute || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Desalegn Gebremedhin Gebreegziabiher ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ethiopia || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dairy value chain in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Graduate Fellow || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">ILRI || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dishon Muloi ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kenya || ** Mapping the camel dairy value chain in Kenya (see story below) ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Coordonatrice || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">BFR " Bien etre de la Femme Rurale" || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nafissatou Boubacar ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Niger || **[[file:Story telling_Niger women enterprise story.docx|L'intégration sociale des femmes rurales au Niger par les activités laitières remunératrices]]** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Head of Departement of Development || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Caritas Diocese Kabgayi || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Eng. Bakundukize Pamphile ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Rwanda || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Organization of Ethno-veterinary medicine (ethnovet) as a mean to cope with insufficiency and low quality of milk for small farmers in Rwanda ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Assistant researcher || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fikrineh Negash Gebre ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The Nether-lands || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">On-farm participatory dairy technology evaluation and demonstration through farmers research group (FRG) in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Co-ordinator || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Paco farm || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Winnie Babirye ** || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Uganda || **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Developing an integrated dairy farm: the case of Paco farms ** ||
 * Dairy Value Chains in Ethiopia**


 * Dishon Muloi et al. - ****Mapping the camel dairy value chain in Kenya**

The authors mapped the Nairobi camel milk value chain. Isiolo controls 90% of the milk going to Nairobi, plus 5% from Namanga, that is then sold to traders, then consumers. The other 5% is from Nanyuki that is processed (pasteurised) and sold through supermarkets. A total of 5,000 l is sold in Nbi every day, versus 340M per year produced (950,000 l/ day). Traditionally, camel milk is not boiled before consumption. Brucellosis transmission is therefore possible. There are food safety issues at various points : at milking (no water available), transportation in public vehicles and milk stored in plastic cans. Most of the consumers are from the Somali communities, but Somali communities don’t buy the processed milk. Containers are smoked before milk is poured. Next step is to conduct test (brucellosis). The participants indicate that TBC (total bacterial counts) should also be done. Tests to be conducted in Nairobi only, due to difficulty in logistics. Price of pasteurized milk is Ksh 200/ half litre versus Ksh 150 per litre raw milk. Recommendations: increase milk quality at farm level through trainings; get a cold chain. The participants indicate that tests should be conducted from the camels to the consumers, not only from Nbi. Also, TBC tests are to inform the consumers for them to change their behavior. Brucellosis is not common so people may not change their behavior when seeing the results.

Feedback from the field trips
(//After the storytelling circles, each of the four field site trip teams introduced the results of their field trip, i.e. a brief description of the visit, and some key insights regarding the three underlying themes around smallholders, private sector and gender//).

(attribution/location unclear)
 * Smallholder integration**:
 * Government incentives exist, that promote smallholders inclusion:
 * Fiscal incentives (e.g. Egypt)
 * Import licences linked to mini local sourcing (e.g. Nigeria)
 * Policy opportunity at the AU level. AU livestock policy framework currently being developed - needs to incorporate a section on smallholders' inclusion in the VC for instance through the promotion of contract farming arrangements.
 * Role of government vis-a-vis cooperatives - HOT ISSUE. Bad experiences in the past! Focus should be on the basics:
 * Extension
 * Access to finance
 * Asset building

** Kiamba Dairy Rural Sacco Society **
media type="custom" key="26619530" align="right"
 * Smallholder integration**:
 * Limited information on milk quality needs and practices at farmer level
 * Farmers have no definite price for milk at the time of delivery
 * Membership fee is high, potentially preventing access from smallholders to this
 * Limited scope of testing for quality of milk
 * Ownership of proceeds from production not clear
 * Private sector investment ** :
 * Limited engagement between private & public sectors
 * Policy on what should be paid for the farmer from sales does not favour big investments to attract partners
 * Limited processor competition
 * Gender**:
 * Governance and leadership issues preventing women from accessing equality at management (Board) level despite majority of farmers being women
 * The policy on mainstreaming gender in leadership is thus not well applied: Limited role of women in leadership and decision-making

** Olkalou Dairy Ltd. **
1 Milk cooling centre (27000L/day. Another station: capacity: 35000 L/day, supplied by 6000 farmers. Facilities provided to farmers: Extension services, credit facilities, feed, reliable dairy market, AI, collection of milk cans, transport services to the dairy. PLC run by a board of 13 directors elected by 10000 shareholders (farmers, investors). Exec: General manager (*), chief accountant (*), plant manager, extension officers (1 woman). 1 mixed crop-livestock farmer (2 acres of land, 10 L, 1 cow, 1 heifer) + sheep, chicken, potatoes. 1 wife, 5 children. Also milk collector of 800L milk/day. Gains: 3 Ksh/L transported ==> 2000 Ksh / day. Motorbike, small truck, on credit by dairy.

Olkalou:
 * Smallholder involvement**
 * Challenges to:
 * Smallholder inclusiveness. How does value go back to farmers? (10/6000 are LHF, the rest are SHFs!)
 * Private-public partnerships
 * Gender mainstreaming
 * Smallholder inclusion & inclusiveness
 * Little intent on milk quality needs and practices at farmer level
 * Limited scope of testing for quality of milk
 * High membership fee
 * Farmers have no definite price for milk at time of delivery
 * Governance and leadership issues
 * Out of 6000 suppliers, only 10 are large farmers
 * Brokers are still big competitors for smallholders' milk
 * Bonus to suppliers is based on volumes delivered ==> incentive to produce and deliver to dairy
 * Social investment by shareholders into local community
 * Opportunities:
 * Direct milk collection from smallholders,
 * Value added business
 * Quality-oriented business
 * Improve production & quality by-training
 * Paying better price to better quality products
 * Challenges
 * Post harvest milk handling
 * Issue of middle men (milk hawkers)
 * Real estate expansion
 * Quality & quantity of feed supply
 * Private sector investment**
 * Initial investment by Heifer International
 * Local population also investing in operations
 * Currently working with their own funds and local community

Olkalou:
 * Gender roles and empowerment**
 * Farmer suppliers +/- 50-50
 * Some women are suppliers with their own bank account
 * Gender is not on the agenda yet
 * 4 women / 13 board members is probably good for this rural set up
 * Women are also involved in milk collection/transport

** Eldoville Dairies Ltd. **
A private family owned milk processing firm that produces milk products including cheese, yoghurt and cream. Eldoville dairies doe not keep dairy cattle but instead source for milk from farmers around its environs and in the Nayandarua area which is famous for milk production. The firm has a capacity to process up to 5000 litres of milk per day and have engaged farmers on a contractual arrangement to deliver milk to different collection centres daily. They are currently the highest paying dairy processing firm, offering KES 43 per litre of milk, compared to their competitors who offer an average of KES 38 per litre. Have 110 employees and are in the process of expanding their operations to increase their capacity to process up to 70 000 litres of milk per day. The new factory is being set up within the Nyandarua area. Their market includes hotels, airline companies as well as the retail market including big supermarket chains in the country. Recently, the firm has diversified into fruit and vegetable processing. They're working on fruit value addition. They have three lines of business: dairy value addition, fruits and vegetables. Customer-based production. Technical assistance and training from DANIDA. Quality certification (ISO 22000-2005). High involvement in dairy sector (KDB). Quality milk supply from SMF


 * Smallholder involvement**
 * Have direct contact with the farmers who deliver milk to the collection centres established by the firm.
 * Have a contract with smallholder farmers who are able to deliver even as little as 5000 litres.
 * Have entered into a partnership with a training and extension firm to train the farmers on best practices for improved production and quality
 * Community keen on paying more for better quality products
 * Private sector investment**
 * (Private-public partnership) Enforcement of regulation and support to dairy value chain players is weak
 * Opportunities around small market high margin, diversification
 * Gender**
 * Gender-balanced
 * Opportunities for gender
 * Women and youth don't benefit from their efforts

** Sigma Fields and Ole Ngishu farm (Ongata Rongai) **
A private company owned by Mr. Shah. Key business is feed manufacture. Feeds are sold to distributors, cooperatives, large farms, wholesales and retailers. Co-diversified to dairy farming 6 years ago as a feed marketing strategy. Dairy feed account for 30% of manufactured feeds. All the milk produced is directly sold to Dairy land (ice-cream manufacturer). media type="custom" key="26619532" align="right"
 * Smallholder inclusion**:
 * Value addition may be central to smallholder inclusion
 * Private (and public) sector investment**:
 * Role for government to strengthening functioning of supply chain
 * Demand for dairy feed not increasing as fast as demand for other feeds
 * Passion, vision, leadership, Know-How drives product quality and informs marketing focus

World cafe discussion
//(A world cafe was organized with three tables for each theme addressing the same theme questions, i.e. 9 tables in total, 3 on smallholder integration, 3 on private sector investment, 3 on gender).//
 * Opportunities and challenges around a) smallholder inclusion, b) private sector investments, c) gender**

**__Smallholder inclusion__**
Opportunities Challenges focus should be on the basics:
 * There are government incentives that promote smallholder inclusion
 * Fiscal incentives (e.g in Egypt)
 * import licenses linked to minimum local sourcing (e.g in Nigeria)
 * policy opportunity at the AU level
 * AU livestock policy framework currently being developed
 * Need to incorporate a section on smallholders inclusion in the value chain for instance through the promotion of contract farming
 * Emergence of producer organizations
 * sense of ownership
 * acts as intermediaries for inputs and services such as training and credit
 * increased bargaining power
 * New techologies being created
 * improved milk quality
 * increased demand for milk
 * household based
 * mixed farming
 * Good environment
 * motivated and hard working
 * Asymmetries of information
 * Policies prohibiting livestock rearing in cities
 * urbanization
 * Access to land
 * smallholder farmers not looking at farming as a business
 * high start-up costs
 * post-harvest losses
 * most technologies not appropriate for smallholder farmers
 * input delivery system not existing or not used and no quality regulations
 * poor milk quality
 * poor infrastructure, high cost of transportation (milk collection)
 * Role of government vis a viz cooperatives is a very pertinent issue- bad experiences in the past
 * exclusion
 * asset building
 * access to finance

Opportunities and challenges for private sector investment in dairy value chains
//Group 1// What are main opportunities and constraints around private-sector investments in African dairy development? 1. Enormous potential dairy market: huge population, history of dairy consumption, emerging middle class 2. In some countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda), there are conducive policies for private large scale investment into the dairy industry 3. In some countries where there are highlands, there is a conducive climate for livestock rearing 4. Labour is available and cheaper than in other continents 5. Were the private sector to invest in dairy inputs production (feeds, breed improvement, veterinary products), this would lead to lowering overall costs of production for dairy farming and thus a big market potential for improved dairy inputs 6. Were the private sector to invest into machinery and processing, this would allow better dairy post-harvest handling 7. Governments should use regional market integration and differentiation to support national farm-city dairy value chains 8. Governments should invest into capacity development of dairy actors 9. Banks should develop financial tools adapted to the dairy sector 10. Government should invest in fostering women and young entrepreneurs in the dairy sector 11. Setting quality-based payments to farmers will help farmers supply more milk to private sector dairies 12. Invest in promotion (milk school programs), advertisements, branding to allow more milk production

//Group 2// __Idea 1__: There are many prospects for private investments at different levels of the value chain __Idea 2__: Private investors have to be sustainable, they need a securing enabling environment __Idea 3__: There are many ways of building partnerships between private investors and farmers
 * Prospects of investments on input industries (feed – with issues related to access to raw materials – equipement, drugs, siemen, etc;)
 * Need to develop accessible financial markets in partnership with private investors
 * Need to invest in good quality products (for niche markets)
 * Growing population, increasing middle class, good prospects for demand
 * Regional integration, CAADP, etc.
 * Fiscal policies
 * Trade policies
 * Land policies
 * Electricity
 * Credit policies
 * Access to information on the sector, investments prospects
 * Standards and enforcements of standards
 * Security (and polictical safety)
 * Private investments should rely more on farmers collective organisations
 * Role of Public-Private partnerships
 * Role of stakeholder platforms, inter-professional organization, dairy boards, etc. to build those new partnerships

Gender
No specific gender policies /strategies for the dairy sector. Mainly nation-wide gender strategies which are meant to cut across board to all sectors However, implementation is a big challenge, impeded by cultural barriers, lack of recognition of the importance of gender there is need to have more dialogue around this issue, to change the perspective around these anticipated effects of gender policies/strategies on engagement with private sector and end users: increased competitiveness improved productivity and improved quality

Synthesis reflections for the day (Samoan Circle)
(//A Samoan circle was organized to tease out final impressions from participants on day 1. The results from this short discussion are captured in the mind-mapping diagram below//). media type="custom" key="26602172"

__**Day 2**__

Introduction to value chain tool-kits
//Here are the links to the various value chain toolkits presented by Jo Cadilhon//: media type="slideshare" key="39635193" height="355" width="425" align="center"
 * Agrifood chain toolkit Dgroup: @https://dgroups.org/cta/lf2m/agrifoodchaintoolkit
 * Agrifood chain toolkit online repository of analysis tools, capacity development tools and case studies: @https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/24754
 * Policies, Institutions, and Markets value chains knowledge clearinghouse platform of peer-reviewed tools for value chain analysis: @http://tools4valuechains.org/
 * <span style="color: #1f497d; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Livestock and Fish Value Chain Toolkit : http://livestock-fish.wikispaces.com/VC_Toolkit

**Toolkit fair**
Involved poster exhibition and discussion around emerging issues from the posters: the following posters were presented:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Author ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Organization ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Type of contribution ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Title of contribution ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Jo Cadilhon || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">ILRI || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Conceptual framework to evaluate the impact of innovation platforms: application to dairy value chains in Tanzania ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Serena Ferrari || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">CIRAD || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Gouvernance et compétitivité des chaînes globales de valeur « lait » au Sénégal : lait local vs lait en poudre ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Yvon Saroumi || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi (FSA/UAC) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Valorisation du lait de vache en Afrique de l’Ouest: Analyse de l’efficacité des systèmes de transformation agro-alimentaire du lait local en fromage ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Birhanu Megersa Lenjiso || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">CIDIN, Radboud Unversirty Nijmegen || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Smallholder dairy market participation and women`s relative intra-household bargaining position in Selale, Ethiopia ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Betty Mutua || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">VACID AFRICA || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Know-eat hub: for a sustainable future in Kenyan dairy value chain development ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Guillaume Duteurtre || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">CIRAD || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">From ‘industrial’ to ‘sustainable’ dairy development policies: West African dairy value chains in an historical perspective ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Maurice Kiboye || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Veterinaires sans Frontieres -Germany(VSF-G) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Improving dairy value chain through influencing policy and practice, enhancing women participation and strengthening skills and networks: VSF-G’s experience in Somalia ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Rollins Jonathan Chitika || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">African Institute of Corporate Citizenship (AICC) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Identifying barriers for the development of the dairy supply chain in Malawi ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Ben Lukuyu ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2 Tool posters || * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The Feed Assessment Tool (FEAST): relevance for analyses and capacity development in dairy value chains
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">FEAST - TechFit logic and link to action research in the dairy value chains ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Abdrahmane Wane || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">CIRAD-ILRI || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Food security and nutrition as basic indicators of socioeconomic sustainability in a context of innovation – The case of Laiterie du Berger (LDB) in Senegal ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Jan van der Lee ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Milking to potential - Strategic framework for dairy sector development in emerging economies ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Rilwanu Muhammad Faralu ||  || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Participatory value chain innovation platform functionality checklist - a self-assessment tool ||
 * Akinade Samson Adebayo ||  || 2 Tool posters || * Challenges of Nigerian Dairy Development Programme


 * Nigerian Dairy Development Programme ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Ko Awono P.M.D || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">IRAD Garoua || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tool poster || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Comment calculer et distribuer équitablement la valeur ajoutée dans la chaîne de valeur (CV) lait frais de la région de l'Adamaoua (Nord Cameroun) ? ||

Peer assists
//We invited participants to contribute some very concrete problems that they are facing. Hereby find the summaries of these peer assists including the questions and answers and recommendations made.// //The video about the peer assist methodology is available here: @https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObmQyW3EiiE and the version with French subtitles:// //@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1b4vfrT6Y// //The four cases introduced were the following//:
 * Ignatius Pumpuni || District technical officer || CHED (COCOBOD) || Ghana || Peer assist || What are best options for dairy cattle feed on 30 acres of land in East Ghana? ||
 * Caroline Kerubo Bosire || PhD Candidate || University of Twente || Kenya || Peer assist || Implications of dairy policies on the current and future land and water use in Kenya ||
 * Stella Kiambi || Graduate Fellow || ILRI || Kenya || Peer assist || Licensing and lack of dairy sector regulation as barrier to food safety in Kenya ||
 * Ousseini Hamadou || Directeur || GIE_EMPRISE || Niger || Peer assist || Comment aider les producteurs laitiers face à l’insécurité foncière dans la zone périurbaine de Niamey ? ||

What are best options for dairy cattle feed on 30 acres of land in East Ghana (Ignatius Pumpuni)?
Q: Why can’t you apply finance? Don’t you have agric bank? A: We have ADB. You can use the land Q: Can you have a national policy for disease control? A: No we don’t have extension services taking care of that. Q: Do you know about the initiatives that are taking place in the livestock sector? A: The Ministry is planning to extend the focus. Poultry imports are growing but the focus is on poultry, not on cattle etc.? Q: You want to establish pastures in your land… How many animals do you intend to have? A: I intend to have 15 animals. I want to establish the pastures to sell them to farmers Q: Have you considered ecological pastures? A: No Q: Any idea of biomass production? A: I don’t have that information. They gave me 20%...I have to supplement it with concentrated feeds? Q: You mentioned policies etc. but is there a policy in GH that specifically says sthg about establishing pasture lands. You already have lands, you already know some feeds that grow best. What is the relation with the policy? A: We don’t have specific pasture policies. If you want to implement an agricultural project you have to apply to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and you need to submit your environmental impact plan – then they give you some indication that .. . It’s a threat to livelihoods. Q: The feed deficit shows in the dry season. With your current acres, do you have an estimate of demand for the dry season? Do you have an estimate of the problem of milk production in the dry season? A: I don’t have that data… but in the dry season the production is reduced. Sometimes it stops the milk production. Q: You’re planning 6Ha for your storage space and 24Ha for pastures A: (answer was provided above) Q: You need to meet some requirements but are these requirements for all farmers? Is it easy to meet these requirements? Is it a big threat to your establishment? A: It’s a big threat. They see you as an enemy. I’ve been reported to the police several times because when you own cattle you’re considered rich. While you write the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) you need to have your land size clear. Now that I want to market my products I need an approval. Otherwise any member can write against me. Before I do the scoping I will write to them. They will do the scoping and write opinions and then will bring inputs… Q: How do you control diseases? A: The vet officers establish a rapport…


 * __Recommendations__**:
 * The land you have is good. You need to look for 3 major items: Proteins, Carbo-hydrates and ??? You need to venture to maize protection… The seasons are adequate…
 * You can plant the plants… The challenge of cow dung etc. will not be a problem. You’ll be looking for manure for your farm. You’ll be buying manure not selling it. Animal wastage shouldn’t be a problem… The 6acres for storage are more than enough and within 2 years you’ll be selling fodder surplus…
 * The major problem in Kenya is fodder… With dams I can control my feeding throughout the year. Maize is a source of energy etc.
 * The way you have to plant is around the rainy season. If you have 10 acres, you can build a silage… I have done a drip irrigation system… There’s no wastage…
 * You should get all required licenses so you can operate without interfering with enterprises.
 * You take tech transfer up to adapt to climate (e.g. droughts affecting you)… Shortage of feeds will become a problem…
 * Selling manure: How best can you convince your neighbours to buy it and leverage your income…
 * Cost of labour: Count on your inputs / outputs and calculate deficiencies of your labour. When you increase the salary you ensure you remain efficient.
 * Planting of pastures/grasses: given the rain patterns, during the rainy season, harvest pastures at the right time and then you can improve the quality of pastures… Technology of planting pastures – intercropping leguminous plants will help you increase the soil quality and your pastures will be useful for a longer time. One of them is ‘Cloves’.
 * Harvesting rainwater will help you with this.
 * Quality of maize: Different cultivars (slow or fast grower) to ensure consistency. Using manure and re-selling it is good but you can put some of it back in your own land to increase the quality of your soil…
 * Focus on producing pastures and selling to other farmers and develop a feed value chain (one innovative farmer)… You can go for production if it’s environmentally friendly, drought-resistant etc. You contribute to the welfare of your country. We use feeds in Ethiopia to conserve natural resources.
 * You can integrate bio-gas plants…
 * As much as you want to have leguminous plants etc. you must think about the water.
 * The type of cows is indigenous. You may have fewer but better quality cows to sustain the farm… Otherwise you’ll have more expenditures.
 * EPA and the neighbours – look into corporate social responsibility to work with the community so you prevent them from destroying your property etc.
 * You can train your workers on fodder mixing. In Baringo a farmer got a lot of hay, he got hay grinding and mixing this with…
 * Your cow breed matters very much.
 * Look at what is most suitable for your particular locality…
 * You need to do an estimate of the environment – you need to know what your targets are. You need to look at your productivity gains. When you have a clear picture of cost-benefit, it gives you a reason to invest etc.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 1.5;">Perhaps you can carry out different varieties of feed on the same piece of land so you get to know which one is growing best in your ecological zone – nutrition.

Implications of dairy policies on the current and future land and water use in Kenya (C. Bosire)
__Participants__: Jan van der Lee, Susan Bingi, Dishon Muloi, Patrick Muinde, Peter Ngatigize, Tahir Mahmood, Lutangu Mukuti, Violet Barasa __Facilitator__: Jo Cadilhon __Context__: Increasing scarcity of land and water, how does policy address this in the milk industry in Kenya? __Questions__: What have been the evolutions of policies on efficient use of land and water? Have any of the policies that have been put in place led to increased productivity? Do any of these policies look at globalization and trade to improve production of dairy systems? Three production systems studies: 1) semi-arid, 2) arid and 3) humid area of Kenya. __Clarifications__ What is arid production system? Milk produced by local cows, sheep and goat but not marketed from the arid areas. Interested in getting methods, insights, in Kenya and other country contexts __Suggestions from peers__: Pakistan: in arid areas, Nestlé involved the Government to try to develop arid area. So Government developed incentives to start dairying there: gave cows to farmers; Nestlé helped preserve water resource with water reservoirs; Gov. helped pay for collection costs of milk. This all led to increased milk production in the area. Components relevant to the problem: National/regional level. Production system and its components (nutrient cycles on-farm, fertilizer use, manure management. Land and water availability. Socio-cultural environment and beliefs of livestock production __Method:__ Interview key stakeholders including local residents who have a long experience to get a historical perspective __Kenya__: No current land use law at national level but devolution and climate change are leading counties to set up local legislation that are relevant to local context. Ex: Kiambu will probably curtail urban encroachment on agricultural land. __Regional continental level__: Draft regional policy on livestock under draft form at COMESA AU CAADP has legal framework on livestock and natural resources (Pillars I and III) __Uganda__: Example of how policy follows problems. Tsetse fly infested areas; getting rid of the flies led to increased livestock production. Intensification of production systems led to land tenure regulation to allow livestock farms to follow their development course. First allowed milk powder imports, now encouraging private sector investment in dairy, which has led to impacts on land and water use. One is supposed to have a licence to drill for water Encouraging pastoralist communities to settled down (dam construction) National policies have led to local by-laws Sustainable land use practices: tillage, water use, ‘sustainable land management’ defines best agricultural practices in different agro-ecological areas. __Involve researchers to set up relevant policies__ __Northeast Kenya:__ Big drought in the past: Government bought animals for slaughter to reduce animal losses. Drilled boreholes to improve water access. <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Global Agenda for livestock has 3 focus areas relevant to this study; so get involved: Closing efficiency gap, restoring value to grasslands, waste to worth (manure management).

Licensing and lack of dairy sector regulation as barrier to food safety in Kenya (Stella Kiambi)
__Case:__Towards a system to support formalization of the milk trading system in Kenya __Facilitator:__ Silvia Alonso __Current Situation:__ More than seven documents (certificates and licenses) required to establish a formal milk trading enterprise. For this reason, most traders opt to use the informal system without any legal standards (milk hawking), which in most cases compromises milk quality __Recommendations from peers:__ Simple policies should be enacted to facilitate simplified certification of milk trading. For example, there should ban on storage and transportation of milk in plastic containers There is need to highlight /voice out the adverse effects of the high charges/ complex certification system on the milk trading sector There is need to work with the informal sector to improve quality and safety of milk the government needs to re-think the purpose of its licensing framework for the dairy sector, in the interest of the consumer safety. Alongside this, there is need to re-conceptualize the whole framework of licensing and provide clarity on its purpose and focus on milk safety and quality __Conclusion -Three points of action:__ Targeted tailor made training of consumers on the consequences of consuming unsafe milk Policy recommendations around government responsibility in this subject- government to also introduce a way of monitoring the safety standards Education and training of producers and traders to take responsibility in production and sale of quality and safe milk

Emerging cooperation and practical solutions (Open Space)
(//The participants were given all freedom to come up with a) any concrete recommendation for action or unfinished conversations and b) collective action with this group. We organized this as an Open Space Technology [OST] session. Here are the topics that were offered//).

//Round 1 (any follow up or unfinished conversation):// media type="custom" key="26602194"
 * 1) Renforcement du partenariat pour un egestion durable des ressources foncièresmedia type="custom" key="26602174"
 * 2) How to increase womens' participation in dairy value chains and the benefits they derive? Renforcement des capacites des femmes rurales sur la transformation du lait / What tools and methods can be used to meeting gender equitable policies in agriculture & dairy value chains?
 * 1) Dairy industry and environmental impact media type="custom" key="26602178"media type="custom" key="26602192"
 * 2) Quality base milk payment media type="custom" key="26602180"
 * 3) Cross-learning among dairy multi-stakeholder platforms media type="custom" key="26602182"
 * 4) Research on commercialization levels of dairy farming media type="custom" key="26602184"
 * 5) Emerging dairy goat value chain media type="custom" key="26602188"
 * 6) Implications of livestock production on current and future land and water use in Kenya media type="custom" key="26602190"
 * 7) Should efforts be towards the formalisation of the dairy value chain only or be on formalizing and regulating the informal sector? media type="custom" key="26602196"

//Round 2 (collective action with this group)//:
 * 1) Develop a training module for VCA marketing of dairy products and other livestock products media type="custom" key="26602186"
 * 2) Towards an African Dairy Value Chain Community of Practice
 * 3) Key messages for the ESADA conference
 * 4) Follow up on peer assist cases (see below)

Towards an African Dairy Value Chain community of practice
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**Follow up on peer assist cases** Feedback from peer-assistees: //Once again the link to the peer assist introduction video is here:// //@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObmQyW3EiiE and with French subtitles:// //@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ1b4vfrT6Y//
 * Can the method be done 'virtually' and/or on a 1-to-1 basis? Online yes (see CGIAR examples here), on 1-to-1 we would miss interactions.
 * We can do it ourselves, with our colleagues!
 * Facilitator: how to choose him/her?
 * And how to choose the peers (they should have a relevant expertise/experience)
 * Get the case clearly phrased
 * We got new perspectives (it could be scary!)
 * Share updates on some virtual platforms (D-Group)
 * Got very good feeback thanks to the summary
 * How can we use this method to give/task feedback on e.g. papers?
 * Sometimes we will need coaches

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Closing, evaluation and thank you's
See the ** **.